The selection of a pond site can a dramatic effect on he pond environment. The basic environmental factors that affect shrimp ponds are listed in figure. Farms located in areas with acid-sulfate soils will have low ph water. Farms placed too close together may and up pumping the neighbors effluent as source water and thus, recycle inorganic and inorganic nutrients back into downstream shrimp ponds. Limitations in water supply will influence the quantity of shrimp that can be grown in a pond.
Farms locate where cold temperatures prevail in the winter months will be affected by slow growth rates and possible mortalities.
Physical, chemical and biological parameters in a shrimp pond.
Physical |
Chemical |
Biological |
Light |
Dissolved oxygen |
Phytoplankton |
Water |
pH |
Zooplankton |
Temperature |
Carbon dioxide |
Bacteria |
Thermal stratification |
Alkalinity |
Shrimp |
Salinity |
Inorganic nitrogen |
|
Turbidity |
Hydrogen sulfide |
|
Color |
Fertilizer |
|
Depth |
Feed |
|
Supply |
Chemical additions |
|
Movement |
Organic matter |
|
Aeration |
|
|
Wind |
|
|
Pond substrate |
|
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The major biological pathways in shrimp ponds include
- Shimp
- Photoautotrophic flora
- Heterotrophic flora and fauna
- Aerobic metabolism
- Anaerobic metabolism
Extensively managed shrimp ponds have low shrimp biomass, low feed inputs and produce small numbers of shrimp. But the photoautotrophic pathway dominates in the system (photosynthesis and respiration), creating relatively stable water quality conditions within the pond. In extensively managed Shrimp ponds, water quality conditions are rarely found to be the direct cause of shrimp disease
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“AQUACULTURE PROGRAMME” for details
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