Pond Sediments

Soil-related issues and potential problems must be considered in the management of shrimp farms. Sediments in extensively managed shrimp ponds have few impacts on shrimp health unless the farm is located in an area where soil features are unsuitable for shrimp farming. On the other hand, the pond bottom in intensive shrimp ponds can have a major impact on shrimp health because of the high levels of feed inputs.

Sediment buildup is an important consideration in shrimp ponds. This material can reduce the
water volume and increase the oxygen required within the pond (Boyd 1992). 

Sediment problems can also occur in ponds that use heavy aeration or paddlewheels to move water. Water currents may erode the pond bottom in certain areas and the particles may become deposited in other pond locations. In some cases, the buildup of organic detritus and
sediments can be quite deep, and anaerobic conditions can occur in the areas where the sediments accumulate. These anaerobic areas are environmentally unsuitable for shrimp.

Sedimentation problems resulting from excessive water currents can be corrected by adjusting the flow rates and shrimp stocking density.
Management begins with the recognition that sedimentation has occurred and that this is impacting shrimp health and farm productivity.

Overfeeding can lead to a buildup of organic matter in shrimp ponds. The shrimp biomass, which is a result of the stocking density and age of the crop, will dictate the amount of feed added to the pond.

Soil pH will influence microbial decomposition of shrimp pond soils. To promote the breakdown of organic matter, soil pH should be between 7.5 and 8. 5. Acid conditions in the pond soil will inhibit the breakdown of organics.

 

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